Unknotting number is not additive under connected sum

Abstract

We give the first examples of a pair of knots $K_1$, $K_2$ in the 3-sphere for which their unknotting numbers satisfy $u(K_1\#K_2)< u(K_1) +u(K_2)$. This answers question 1.69(B) from Kirby’s problem list, in the negative.

Authors

Mark Brittenham

Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA

Susan Hermiller

Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA